碳酸氫鈉俗稱“小蘇打”,是強(qiáng)堿與弱酸中和后生成的酸式鹽,溶于水時(shí)呈現(xiàn)弱堿性。碳酸鈉,俗名蘇打、純堿。穩(wěn)定性較強(qiáng),但高溫下也可分解,生成氧化鈉和二氧化碳。長(zhǎng)期暴露在空氣中能吸收空氣中的水分及二氧化碳,生成碳酸氫鈉,并結(jié)成硬塊。下面
順酐廠家來(lái)講講碳酸鈉和碳酸氫鈉的共性與差異！
Sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as "baking soda", is an acidic salt formed by the neutralization of strong bases and weak acids. When dissolved in water, it appears weakly alkaline. Sodium carbonate, commonly known as soda or soda ash. Strong stability, but can also decompose at high temperatures, generating sodium oxide and carbon dioxide. Long term exposure to the air can absorb moisture and carbon dioxide from the air, generate sodium bicarbonate, and form hard lumps. Below, maleic anhydride manufacturers will talk about the commonalities and differences between sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate!
一、碳酸鈉和碳酸氫鈉的共性
1、 The commonality of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate
1、都能與鹽酸(或硫酸與硝酸)反應(yīng)生成能使澄清石灰水變渾濁的氣體；
1. Both can react with hydrochloric acid (or sulfuric acid and nitric acid) to generate gas that can make clear lime water turbid;
2、跟石灰水或氫氧化鋇溶液都生成白色沉淀；
2. Generate white precipitates with lime water or barium hydroxide solution;
3、水溶液均呈堿性；
3. The aqueous solution is alkaline;
4、焰色反應(yīng)呈黃色；
4. Flame test is yellow;
5、都能與鋁鹽或鐵鹽溶液發(fā)生雙水解反應(yīng)；
5. Both can undergo double hydrolysis reactions with aluminum or iron salt solutions;
二、碳酸鈉和碳酸氫鈉的差異
2、 Differences between sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate
1、熱穩(wěn)定性：碳酸鈉加熱不分解，碳酸氫鈉加熱易分解成碳酸鈉，水和二氧化碳；
1. Thermal stability: Sodium carbonate does not decompose when heated, while sodium bicarbonate easily decomposes into sodium carbonate, water, and carbon dioxide when heated;
2、水溶解性：碳酸鈉的溶解度大于碳酸氫鈉；
2. Water solubility: The solubility of sodium carbonate is greater than that of sodium bicarbonate;
3、與二氧化碳的反應(yīng)：碳酸鈉能跟二氧化碳(與水)化合生成碳酸氫鈉，而碳酸氫鈉不反應(yīng);
3. Reaction with carbon dioxide: Sodium carbonate can combine with carbon dioxide (with water) to form sodium bicarbonate, while sodium bicarbonate does not react;
4、與氫氧化鈉的反應(yīng)：碳酸氫鈉能跟氫氧化鈉反應(yīng)生成碳酸鈉和水，而碳酸氫鈉不反應(yīng)；
4. Reaction with sodium hydroxide: Sodium bicarbonate can react with sodium hydroxide to generate sodium carbonate and water, while sodium bicarbonate does not react;
5、與氯化鈣的反應(yīng)：碳酸鈉跟氯化鈣(或氯化鋇)溶液易生成碳酸鹽沉淀，而碳酸氫鈉跟鹽類稀溶液不易生成沉淀
5. Reaction with calcium chloride: Sodium carbonate and calcium chloride (or barium chloride) solution are prone to generating carbonate precipitates, while sodium bicarbonate and dilute salt solutions are not prone to generating precipitates
6、與苯酚的反應(yīng)：碳酸鈉能與苯酚反應(yīng)生成苯酚鈉和碳酸氫鈉，而碳酸氫鈉不與苯酚反應(yīng)；
6. Reaction with phenol: Sodium carbonate can react with phenol to produce sodium phenolate and sodium bicarbonate, while sodium bicarbonate does not react with phenol;
三、碳酸鈉和碳酸氫鈉的區(qū)分方法
3、 Method for distinguishing between sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate
（一）固體狀態(tài)
（1） Solid state
法1：據(jù)熱穩(wěn)定性不同。分別加熱少量樣品，并將生成的氣體通入到澄清石灰水。能使澄清石灰水變渾濁的樣品為碳酸氫鈉。該方法使用的儀器裝置比較復(fù)雜，需要用到加熱裝置
Method 1: Depending on the thermal stability. Heat a small amount of samples separately and introduce the generated gas into the clarified lime water. The sample that can make clarified lime water turbid is sodium bicarbonate. The instruments and devices used in this method are relatively complex and require the use of heating devices
法2：據(jù)與酸反應(yīng)的速率不同。分別取相同質(zhì)量的固體，加入等濃度等體積的鹽酸中，反應(yīng)較快的是碳酸氫鈉。這種方法觀察起來(lái)有一定難度。
Method 2: Depending on the rate of reaction with acid. Take solids of the same mass separately and add them to hydrochloric acid of equal concentration and volume. The fastest reaction is sodium bicarbonate. This method is somewhat difficult to observe.
（二）溶液狀態(tài)
（2） Solution state
法3：據(jù)與酸反應(yīng)的過(guò)程不同。取同濃度同體積的溶液，分別滴加鹽酸，開(kāi)始無(wú)氣體一段時(shí)間后有氣體的是碳酸鈉；開(kāi)始即有氣體的是碳酸氫鈉。當(dāng)溶液濃度比較低的時(shí)候，出現(xiàn)氣泡不明顯；
Method 3: According to the different process of reaction with acid. Take a solution of the same concentration and volume, add hydrochloric acid dropwise, and after a period of time when there is no gas, it is sodium carbonate; The one with gas at the beginning is sodium bicarbonate. When the concentration of the solution is relatively low, bubbles appear inconspicuous;
法4：據(jù)沉淀反應(yīng)不同。分別取稀溶液，滴加BaCl2(或CaCl2)溶液，產(chǎn)生沉淀的原試劑為碳酸鈉。
Method 4: Depending on the precipitation reaction. Take dilute solutions separately, add BaCl2 (or CaCl2) solution dropwise, and the original reagent that produces precipitation is sodium carbonate.
法5：據(jù)溶液的堿性不同。測(cè)其等濃度稀溶液的pH，pH值較大較大的原試劑為碳酸鈉。需要配置物質(zhì)的量濃度相等的溶液；
Method 5: Depending on the alkalinity of the solution. Measure the pH of its dilute solution with equal concentration. The original reagent with a larger pH value is sodium carbonate. A solution with equal amounts and concentrations of substances needs to be prepared;
法6：根據(jù)碳酸氫鈉的兩性。分別取溶液，并滴加偏鋁酸鈉溶液，生成白色沉淀的為碳酸氫鈉。
Method 6: Based on the amphotericity of sodium bicarbonate. Take the solutions separately and add sodium metaaluminate solution dropwise to generate white precipitates called sodium bicarbonate.
（三）錯(cuò)誤方法
（3） Wrong method
法1：利用澄清石灰水。因?yàn)樘妓釟溻c溶液和碳酸鈉溶液均能與澄清石灰水反應(yīng)生成白色沉淀，因此澄清石灰水無(wú)法鑒別兩種溶液。
Method 1: Use clarified lime water. Because both sodium bicarbonate solution and sodium carbonate solution can react with clarified lime water to form white precipitates, clarified lime water cannot distinguish between the two solutions.
法2：利用氯化鐵。因?yàn)樘妓釟溻c溶液和碳酸鈉溶液均能與氯化鐵反應(yīng)生成沉淀和氣體，因此氯化鐵溶液無(wú)法鑒別兩種溶液。
Method 2: Utilize iron chloride. Because both sodium bicarbonate solution and sodium carbonate solution can react with iron chloride to form precipitates and gases, iron chloride solution cannot distinguish between the two solutions.
法3：利用氫氧化鈉。因?yàn)樘妓釟溻c溶液雖然能和氫氧化鈉反應(yīng)，但是觀察不到現(xiàn)象，因此氫氧化鈉溶液無(wú)法鑒別兩種溶液。
Method 3: Use sodium hydroxide. Because although sodium bicarbonate solution can react with sodium hydroxide, no phenomenon can be observed, so sodium hydroxide solution cannot distinguish between the two solutions.
總的而言，兩者相同點(diǎn)：都是白色固體，易溶于水。都能與酸反應(yīng)生成二氧化碳。兩者的差異：碳酸氫鈉不穩(wěn)定，受熱易分解。碳酸鈉不會(huì)。更多相關(guān)產(chǎn)品的了解就來(lái)咨詢我們
http://www.jianyiwugu.com吧！
Overall, both have the same thing: they are white solids that are easily soluble in water. Both can react with acids to generate carbon dioxide. The difference between the two: Sodium bicarbonate is unstable and easily decomposes when heated. Sodium carbonate will not. For more information on related products, please consult us http://www.jianyiwugu.com Come on!
